Spectroscopy - June 2009 - (Page 35) w w w. s p e c t r o s c o p y o n l i n e . c o m June 2009 Spectroscopy 24(6) 35 for laser safety is much smaller than if 1064 nm is used. More recently, a fourth-generation standoff system has been designed and developed by Applied Photonics Ltd. and A3 Technologies LLC (Bel Air, Maryland) for recent field testing. A single Nd:YAG laser (Quantel Brilliant B, 1064 nm, 10 Hz, 850 mJ, 6 ns pulse width) and a modified 14 telescope are used to generate and collect light emission from the plasma. For this system, three Czerny–Turner spectrometers with ICCDs (Andor) are used to collect the LIBS spectra. Each spectrometer covers a portion of the LIBS spectrum. All of the standoff LIBS functions can be controlled from a remote desktop, including control of laser parameters, laser aiming, laser firing, spectrometer inputs, and data collection. In addition, several features have been automated such as autofocusing the laser, autofocusing the collection optics, and performing raster scans over a given area. Finally, the newest generation (Gen5) standoff system developed by Applied Photonics, Ltd. was delivered to ARL in April 2009. This system is designed to work at 100+ m. It integrates all of the automation and computer control features of the Gen 4 system with two Nd: YAG lasers (Quantel Brilliant Bs, 1064 nm or 355 nm, 10 Hz, 850 mJ, 6 ns pulse width) for double-pulse operation. The Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope has been replaced by a military-spec 16 Ritchey– Chretien telescope (RC Optical Systems, Inc., Flagstaff, Arizona). A new broadband spectrometer (VSMS, PI-Acton, Trenton, New Jersey) with an ICCD will be used to collect the LIBS spectrum. The system will be evaluated using the same samples and discrimination methodology we have previously developed, but at much greater distances (>60 m). correctly 94% of the time (45). More complicated samples that contained simple mixtures of explosives and interferents were classified as explosives at an 80% true positive rate. Recently, we have inY predicted (Bt class) vestigated how using organic substrates rather than metallic substrates will affect our ability to discriminate between explosives and nonexplosive materials. The organic substrate material is ablated Y predicted (Bg class) Model index number Test sample index number Figure 5: PLS-DA results of test samples BG and Bt in different growth media tested against (a) Bt and (b) BG classes of the PLS-DA model. BG = red square, Bt = blue circle, aluminum substrate = gray triangle. The open shapes are the model samples and the filled shapes are the test samples. The dashed line is the threshold for determining if a test sample belongs to the class or not. Recent Work and Discussion Our most recent work with explosives and bioagent surrogates has dealt with the influences background materials will have on the ability to discriminate residues. We have shown on simple aluminum substrates that standoff LIBS can successfully discriminate residues with similar elemental constituents. Explosive residue samples have been classified http://www.spectroscopyonline.com http://www.photon-machines.com http://www.photon-machines.com Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Spectroscopy - June 2009 Spectroscopy - June 2009 Contents News Spectrum Auger Spectroscopy Statistics and Chemometrics for Clinical Data Reporting, Part 1 Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory Spectral Studies on the Interaction of [Ru(bpy)2(BTIP)]2+ with DNA and Determination of Nucleic Acids at Nanogram Levels Product Resources Calendar Ad Index Spectroscopy - June 2009 Spectroscopy - June 2009 - (Page BB1) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - (Page BB2) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectroscopy - June 2009 (Page Cover1) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectroscopy - June 2009 (Page Cover2) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectroscopy - June 2009 (Page 3) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectroscopy - June 2009 (Page 4) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectroscopy - June 2009 (Page 5) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectroscopy - June 2009 (Page 6) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectroscopy - June 2009 (Page 7) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Contents (Page 8) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Contents (Page 9) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Contents (Page 10) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Contents (Page 11) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - News Spectrum (Page 12) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - News Spectrum (Page 13) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Auger Spectroscopy (Page 14) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Auger Spectroscopy (Page 15) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Auger Spectroscopy (Page 16) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Auger Spectroscopy (Page 17) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Statistics and Chemometrics for Clinical Data Reporting, Part 1 (Page 18) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Statistics and Chemometrics for Clinical Data Reporting, Part 1 (Page 19) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Statistics and Chemometrics for Clinical Data Reporting, Part 1 (Page 20) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Statistics and Chemometrics for Clinical Data Reporting, Part 1 (Page 21) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 22) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 23) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 24) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 25) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 26) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 27) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 28) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 29) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 30) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Understanding and Interpreting the New GAMP 5 Software Categories (Page 31) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory (Page 32) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory (Page 33) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory (Page 34) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory (Page 35) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory (Page 36) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory (Page 37) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Current Status of Standoff LIBS Security Applications at the United States Army Research Laboratory (Page 38) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectral Studies on the Interaction of [Ru(bpy)2(BTIP)]2+ with DNA and Determination of Nucleic Acids at Nanogram Levels (Page 39) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectral Studies on the Interaction of [Ru(bpy)2(BTIP)]2+ with DNA and Determination of Nucleic Acids at Nanogram Levels (Page 40) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectral Studies on the Interaction of [Ru(bpy)2(BTIP)]2+ with DNA and Determination of Nucleic Acids at Nanogram Levels (Page 41) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectral Studies on the Interaction of [Ru(bpy)2(BTIP)]2+ with DNA and Determination of Nucleic Acids at Nanogram Levels (Page 42) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectral Studies on the Interaction of [Ru(bpy)2(BTIP)]2+ with DNA and Determination of Nucleic Acids at Nanogram Levels (Page 43) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Spectral Studies on the Interaction of [Ru(bpy)2(BTIP)]2+ with DNA and Determination of Nucleic Acids at Nanogram Levels (Page 44) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Product Resources (Page 45) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Product Resources (Page 46) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Product Resources (Page 47) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Calendar (Page 48) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Calendar (Page 49) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Ad Index (Page 50) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Ad Index (Page Cover3) Spectroscopy - June 2009 - Ad Index (Page Cover4) http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0810_bg http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0810_supp http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0710 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0610 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0510 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0410 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0310 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0210 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0110 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1209 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1109 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1009 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0909 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0809 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0709 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0609 http://digital.findanalytichem.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0509 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0409 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0309 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0209 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0109 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1208 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1108 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1008 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0908 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0808 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0708 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0608 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0508 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0308 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0208 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0108 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1207 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1107 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1007 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0907 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0807 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0707 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0607 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0507 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0407 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0307 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0207 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0107 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy1106 http://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/advanstar/spectroscopy0906 http://www.nxtbookMEDIA.com
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